It is quite clear, then, that the Tariff had no
influence whatever in depressing the progress of Virginia as compared
with New York.
We have heretofore proved by the Census the same position as regards the
relative progress of Maryland and Massachusetts, and the same principle
applies as between all the Free, as compared with all the Slave States.
In New York, we have seen that from 1790 to 1820, in the absence of high
tariffs, and even before the completion of her great canal, her advance
in population was much more rapid than from 1820 to 1860. Indeed, it is
quite clear that, so far as the Tariff had any influence, it was far
more unfavorable to New York than to Virginia, New York being a much
greater agricultural as well as commercial State.
Having shown how much the material progress of Virginia has been
retarded by slavery, let us now consider its effect upon her moral and
intellectual development.
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS.--The number of newspapers and
periodicals in New York in 1860 was 542, of which 365 were political, 56
religious, 63 literary, 58 miscellaneous; and the number of copies
circulated in 1860 was 320,930,884. (Census Tables, Nos. 15, 37.) The
number in Virginia was 139; of which 117 were political, 13 religious, 3
literary, 6 miscellaneous; and the number of copies circulated in 1860
was 26,772,568.
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