There were medical and surgical clinics, foundling hospitals, Sisters
of Charity, men and women professors--among the latter the famous
Trotula--and apothecaries. Dissections were carried out, chiefly upon
animals, and human subjects were occasionally used. In the eleventh and
twelfth centuries, the school reached its height, and that remarkable
genius, Frederick II, laid down regulations for a preliminary study
extending over three years, and a course in medicine for five years,
including surgery. Fee tables and strict regulations as to practice were
made; and it is specifically stated that the masters were to teach
in the schools, theoretically and practically, under the authority of
Hippocrates and Galen. The literature from the school had a far-reaching
influence. One book on the anatomy of the pig illustrates the popular
subject for dissection at that time.(6) The writings, which are
numerous, have been collected by De Renzi.(7)
(6) "And dissections of the bodies of swine
As likest the human form divine."--Golden Legend.
(7) S. de Renzi: Collectio Salernitana, 5 vols., Naples,
1852-1859; P. Giacosa: Magistri Salernitani, Turin, 1901.
The "Antidotarium" of Nicolaus Salernitanus, about 1100, became the
popular pharmacopoeia of the Middle Ages, and many modern preparations
may be traced to it.
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