See Pugin's
Letter on the proposed Protestant Memorial. London 1839.]
[Footnote 22: Macri in his Hierolexicon says, that the Cardinal
kneels, to incense the Pope when seated, from respect to his
_cattedra_ or chair, which is the first see in the Christian church.
Others say from respect to his temporal sovereignty, the archbishops
of Milan are incensed with the same formality. This custom is
mentioned in the 13th century by Card. Giaconio Gaetano. Ordo
Romanus Sec. 112. A certain love of proportion may have had its share
in the origin of this ceremony, by which the same relative height is
preserved between the Pope and the Cardinal in all cases in which
the former is incensed. Thus also the assistant Bishop, who holds
the Missal for the Pope, kneels when He is seated, and stands when
He stands. We kneel to the Pope to receive his blessing, as we do to
bishops and even priests; we also kneel from respect to his exalted
dignity, not only as sovereign, but also as head of the Catholic
church. It is well known that the British peers kneel even to the
empty throne of their sovereign. Kneeling is a very ancient token of
profound respect; it was paid to Joseph in Egypt, Gen. XLI, 43; to
Elias, 4 Kings I, 13 etc.]
[Footnote 23: "O that an angel" says St. Ambrose, "would appear to
us also, when incensing the altar, and offering sacrifice". Expl. in.
Luc. l. 1, c. 25, n. 9.]
[Footnote 24: Incense is, as we shall see in c.
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