1853-56. Years of prosperity owing to Free Trade and growth of
intelligence among the working classes prove the chief causes of the
death of Chartism. The workers now begin to aim at reforms through
their Trades Unions. The Co-operative Movement set on foot in
Rochdale in 1844 leads to the formation of many other branches.
Between the years 1851 and 1865 national imports nearly treble, and
exports more than double, themselves.
THOMAS CARLYLE (1795-1881). His writings more than those of any other
man give us a key to the meaning of the early Victorian Age. 1839.
_Chartism_. 1841. _Heroes and Hero Worship_. 1843. _Past and
Present_. 1850. _Latter-Day Pamphlets_.
CHARLES DICKENS (1812-70). 1836. _Pickwick Papers_. 1838. _Oliver
Twist_ (the evils of the Workhouse). 1850. _David Copperfield_
(contains sketches of Dickens' early life). 1853. _Hard Times_. 1857.
_Little Dorrit_ (the Marshalsea prison for debtors).
DISRAELI, LORD BEACONSFIELD (1804-81). 1844. _Coningsby_ (political
life and the 'Young England' policy). 1845. _Sybil_ (the claims of
the people). 1847. _Tancred_ (the Church and the State).
EBENEZER ELLIOTT (1781-1849). 1828. _Corn Law Rhymes_ (the poet of
the workers and of sorrow).
ELIZABETH CLEGHORN GASKELL (1810-65). 1848. _Mary Barton_
(Industrial Lancashire during the crisis of 1842). 1855. _North and
South_ (the struggle between Master and Man).
CHARLES KINGSLEY[7] (1819-75).
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